Insect-Pest on Soybean in Tikamgarh Madhya Pradesh

The monsoon rainfall recorded at College Research Farm from 1 June to 2 August 2018 is 453.9mm against the normal rainfall during the period is 439.6mm. After the onset of monsoon around 25th June 2018 , the rainfall distribution is well distributed and farmers have shown their crop in time during kharif 2018.

Till Today,the incidence of white fly on soybean and blackgram is found to be almost nil i.e. 0.0.. Though the leaf folder, stem fly and green semilooper are found on soybean but still their numbers are low. It is expected that their numbers on soybean crop could be increased during this month.

The white fly free soybean might affected white fly during second week of August and by yellow mosaic virus little bit during their reproductive stage (most likely around flowering/pod initiation). Thus it may be expected a good soybean harvest this year if there will be no occurrence of weather extremes during September/October 2018.
The population of white fly on soybean and blckgram will be low and thus the YMV and do not much harmful for soybean yield.

YMV infection is started in Urd crop in Tikamgarh district of Bundelkhand zone

Though the white fly population is low on the Urd crop, but YMV symptoms is appeared on the crop. The 2 to 3 % plants are expressed this symptom. There is possibility of moderate to heavy rainfall during next 48 hours and after that weather remains dry. If dry weather and maximum temperature after 17^th July is above 32°C for than a 5-6 days. The YMV symptoms on soybean crop will be expected to start at the ending week of July month in Tikamgarh district. Farmers are advised to keep watch the white fly population and keep field weed fry as much possible during July month. 

Low to moderate incidence of YMV in Soybean during kharif 2016 in Bundelkhand of M.P

Heavy rainfall and Low to moderate incidence of YMV in Soybean during kharif 2016 in Bundelkhand of M.P.

This year just after onset of monsoon white fly has migrated from other crops, weed, & habitats towards this region during last week of June (23-30). Their early arrival may be harmful and would be created an early infection on weeds and crops (Soybean). But thanks to very active monsoon period during the early July (1-8), which not only deeply recharge the soil, ponds, rivers and other and brings down the soil, water and air temperature. The heavy to very rainfall negatively impact the number of white fly population, and thus delay their activity and infections on plants.

The white fly infection may be delayed by two weeks. There is possibility in dry and sunny sky conditions during second and third week of July, which may has positive impact on white fly population but again there is possibility in wet and cloudy sky during last week of July and first week of August. These conditions may control not only white fly population but YMV on Soybean after 10^th August to 25^th August, which will coincide with the pod formation and pod development phase of Soybean.  

YMV infection in Soybean started in Bundelkhand

The disease YMV infected Soybean in Tikamgarh during last week of July,2015. The YMV first infected a weed and than the soybean crop. The cultivar JS 335 is infected first, though the infection is very low, but due to high night temperature (above normal) and dry period is suitable for its further growth on other healthy plants.

The rainfall activity during last week of July was almost very low ,only scatter rainfall at few place, this may be the reason for its growth.

May be some rain in next two-three days which will checked its growth.

Moreover, farmers have to only keep watch on the disease growth.  

Maize will be better option for as kharif crop than Soybean in Bundelkhand Agroclimatic zone of M.P.

In Tikamgarh district of M.P., it has been observed that after onset of monsoon , within a week  the rainfall is below 100mm and due to which farmers waits for a good rainfall week for sowing of Soybean and thus delayed soybean the sowing. Due to late sowing after 10th July, a shift  of the reproductive stage( pod filling ) in second to third week of September ( an almost dry period weeks), which affects the sustainability of Soybean yield.

Hence Maize may be an alternative for Soybean
An analysis was carried out for this district and shown below:

Decade	Tikamgarh  SYI             Status		Chharatpur SYI             Status		Datia SYI             Status
1971-80	-	-	-	-	-	-
1981-90	0.55	S	0.59	S	0.67	S
1991-00	0.64	S	0.58	S	0.68	S
2001-10	0.40	US	0.53	S	0.54	S